Democracy Is Not A Democratic State Essay - 2130 Words

It is often misinterpreted, the fact that the greatest nation on Earth, the United States, is governed as a democratic state. Democracy is basically having control of an organization or group by the majority of its members; however, this is not the case when addressing the United States. In fact, this country is not a democratic state, but a constitutional republic. It is an enormous difference when brought to light, since democracy does not really protect minorities, but expands power for the majority. On the other hand, a constitutional republic is when a head of state and other officials are representatives of the people, elected by them. These representatives are expected to perform their duties in the best interest for the people; it also separates power into three branches known as, judicial, legislative and executive. Having this in mind, citizens of the United States recognized their country as a freedom nation, internationally; a lot of historians and politicians might share the same opinion. Unfortunately, the government has been drifting away from its original purpose, to serve and protect individuals before the majority’s interest. When it comes down to deciding whose rights should trump the others, majority or minority, there is absolutely no doubt, that minorities hold the title, since it addresses individual basic rights that contribute progress to the community to further evade a violation of basic rights towards any individual. When talking aboutShow MoreRelatedSince The Cold War Era, The Spread Of Democracy And Its1410 Words   |  6 PagesWar era, the spread of democracy and its implications have been highly debated across the world. As more states adopt this method of government, the question of how to interact with opposing states has taken the spotlight in the context of international relations. Some scholars, like Robert Kaplan, believe that democratic elections do not help with social and economic stability in developing countries. Others, particularly supporters of the United States idea of democracy such as Sean Jones, believeRead MoreThe Democratic Peace Theory954 Words   |  4 PagesThe democratic peace theory was not always seen as the substantial argument and significant contribution to the field of International Relations that it is today. Prior to the 1970’s, it was the realist and non-realist thought that took preeminence in political theoretical thinking. Though the democratic pe ace theory was first criticized for being inaccurate in its claim that democracy promotes peace and as such democracies do not conflict with each other, trends, statistical data, reports have suggestedRead MoreEssay on Democratic Peace1477 Words   |  6 PagesDemocratic Peace Democratic peace is presently a theory that has come under fire from many individuals due to the complex nature in which it is applied to nations and their handling of foreign affairs. There are currently two accepted arguments: (1) Democracies do not fight one another because they are self-organizing systems and are therefore fundamentally distinct from other statesRead MoreThe Core Assumptions Of The Transitional Paradigm1425 Words   |  6 Pageslandscape of the world. It was an instantaneous shift from authoritarian or totalitarian regime toward more liberal and democratic form of governance. Consequentially, there was a global democratic trend in the last quarter of the twentieth century, and courtesy of American political scientist, Samuel Huntington, this trend was widely recognized as the â€Å"third wave† of democracy by many political observers in the Western world. The purpose of this paper is to examine the core assumptions of the transitionalRead MoreDemocracy in the 20th Centuries Essay1446 Words   |  6 PagesIs democracy possible? Modern democracies have continually developed throughout the 20th century. These democracies have culminated from revolutions,wars, and even economic development. As democracies continue to grow democracy promotion has been a key issue for world governments, especially the United State of America. History has shown that building democracy is a very strenuous and a difficult task to accomplish. With the inception of government, democracy has been a seemingly difficult conceptRead More Promotion of Democracy and its Purpose in the United States Plans1481 Words   |  6 PagesUnited States prides itself on its democratic idealism and believes the every state should have the opportunity to experience the freedom democracy offers. Democracy, in term of American values, allows for the â€Å"right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness† . These are inalienable for everyone and those countries that withhold this must be change or reformed. The United States with other democra tic countries has taken on the project of converting all non-democratic states into democratic governmentsRead MoreThe Importance of External Influences in Building a Democracy1315 Words   |  6 PagesBuilding a Democracy In Democracy in the Third World, Robert Pinkney analyzed circumstances that have been important in the past for building a democracy for current democratic regimes. Pinkney studies seven comparatives and their theories for the cause and effect of democracy and identifies their pros and cons. The most important of these conditions stands in the external influences and foreign participation in building the state as a democracy of a non-democratic countryRead MoreLinz and Stepan Consolidated Democracy Study Guide and Notes906 Words   |  4 PagesTowards Consolidated Democracies Linz and Stepan * Three conditions before speaking about democratic consolidation * First†¦no state=no democracy * Second†¦.democracy cannot be thought of as consolidated until a democratic transition has been brought to completion * Necessary but by no means sufficient condition for the completion of a democratic transition is the holding of free and contested elections (on the basis of broadly inclusive voter eligibility) that meetRead MoreShould Democracy Be Exported?1628 Words   |  7 PagesUnited States, we tend to take for granted democracy and the institutions that were established by the constitution to ensure its viability and perpetuate its underlying principles. However, this is not the case for many countries around the world. In other places, authoritarian and other non-democratic regimes have existed and sustained rule without pushing for democracy. This raises the question: can democracy be exported to these countries? In present day, due to the fact that non-democratic regimesRead MoreThe Democratic Peace Theory : Political And Cultural Similarity And Limits Of Democracy1456 Words   |  6 PagesDemocratic peace theory is a theory which posits that democracies are hesitant to engage in armed conflict with other identified democracies(Michael Doyle,1983).Democratic peace theory holds that because of political and cultural similarity and limits of democracy mechanisms in democratic countries, in international relations, a majority of democratic countries would perfer to choose negotiations or other peaceful ways to resolve the dispute. rested on these factors, democratic countries could

Prison Terms Ineffective as Deterrent to Crime Essay

In the 18th century Cesare Beccaria- an Italian philosopher, doomed the concept of torture and death penalty by introducing the term criminology to the world. At present, nearly all countries in the world have adopted the criminal justice system. Criminal justice consists of two tools: Law and Order. On the road to maintain Law and Order, penalty like Prison Term has been espoused. Prison Term could be defined as the length of incarceration for an offender, where the legnth varies from few days to months in a prison. It also embraces life terms in case of serious crimes like manslaughter, rape, murder, armed robbery, and kidnapping. However in the past two decades, increase in a crime rate and prisoners in incarceration indicate the†¦show more content†¦Over the past generation, the landscape of sentencing prisoners has changed dramatically. Over this same period, United States of America has made a number of modifications in one of the basis of American criminal justice pol icy, Prison Term. Prison Terms has taken the place of public flogging, death penalty and torture. Stastics has shows that many states has abolished death penalty. Today in order to deter the crime, Nowadays, only few states in the United States of America such as Texas, practices Death Penalty. Nevertheless, many fierce criminals are sentenced for a long prison term; in order to ensure public safety. In a response to fight against crime, there is an increase in the use of imprisonment. Conversely, many state legislatures have reduced prison term, discharging more prisoners (directly to the society) in order to maintain the prison management. A statistics of released prisoners over the decade/ Since the early 1970s, there has been a significant increase in the incarcerating system. Today, study shows that 1 in 100 adult Americans are behind the bars (B.J.S.). On the other hand, the increase in the use of imprisoning system does not mean that there is an increase in crime. From the re search of B.J.S., it signifies that in early 1970s population were around 300,000, while the population in 2006 was over 2.3 million. In the United States of America, each state has their diverse policy to deter the crime rate. On theShow MoreRelated Capital Punishment Essay1136 Words   |  5 Pagesthe hands of another human being. Those who are for capital punishment promote that it is a deterrent for crime, provides closure, and is a moral punishment for those who choose to take a human life. Those not in favor of it argue that it is an ineffective crime deterrent, sends the wrong message, and is more expensive than sentencing a murderer to life in prison. When those who commit these heinous crimes are found guilty in the court of law, the loved ones of the victims often wants the murdererRead MoreDr. Cesare Beccaria As The Father Of Deterrence Theory1563 Words   |  7 PagesJuveniles around the United States are committing crimes every day. When they commit these crimes, they may not know of the consequences that come with committing the crimes until they get caught. These young children or teenagers need to start learning the consequences of committing a crime before they grow older because if they do not learn, they will make their life miserable. The deterrence theory would be a perfect way to keep these young people out of trouble. Deterrence would play a huge roleRead MoreA Critical Analysis of the Death Penalty1646 Words   |  7 Pagesbasic terms, the death penalty according to Stearman is when the government takes a persons life as a punishment for wrongdoing (6). As the author further points out, the death penalty is regarded the most severe form of punishment that can be dispensed to a citizen by any given government. Most jurisdictions permit the death penalty for cases involving espionage, treason, as well as murder. Some of the methods that have been utilized over time to put to death those convicted of crimes punishableRead MoreAgains t Mandatory Sentencing Debate970 Words   |  4 PagesA mandatory sentence is one where judicial discretion is limited by law; those convicted of certain crimes must be punished with at least a minimum number of years in prison. The most famous example of mandatory sentencing is the ‘three strikes and you’re out’ policy adopted first in California in 1994, and now more widespread in the USA. Three strikes laws require life imprisonment for a third criminal conviction, but other forms of mandatory sentencing are now being discussed and implementedRead MoreTwo Types of Criminal Deterrence Essay869 Words   |  4 Pagesstop the crimes before they happen. (Schmalleger, 2003, p. 406) A stricter sentence for lesser crimes is an example of specific deterrence. The example used on pages 406 and 407 in Criminal Justice Today. Schmalleger writes, Few traffic tickets would have to be written if minor driving offenses were punishable by death. As a free society there are obvious limitations on the use of capital punishment that the law must still protect. However capital punishment in itself is a deterrent. If theRead MoreThe Controversy Over the Death Penalty Essay907 Words   |  4 PagesThe Controversy Over the Death Penalty Why is the death penalty used as a means of punishment for crime? Is this just a way to solve the nations growing problem of overcrowded prisons, or is justice really being served? Why do some view the taking of a life morally correct? These questions are discussed and debated upon in every state and national legislature throughout the country. Advantages and disadvantages for the death penalty exist, and many members of the United States, and individualRead MoreAgainst The Death Penalty Essay959 Words   |  4 Pagesis filled with flaws, cruel and immoral, and is an ineffective means of deterrent for crime. I understand why you would want to have the death penalty in effect. You probably think that it will be cheaper to execute people instead of paying taxes for them in jail. There is also a probability that you think that you will give families of victims’ closure. On the hand, it costs more to execute a person than it is to keep people alive in prison. In comparison, it is just another way to get revengeRead MoreThe Deterrence Of A Crime1573 Words   |  7 Pageseducation rather than prisons†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦5 Use alternative ways to punish and deter criminals†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..6 Conclusion/Recommendation†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.7 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..7 Recommendation†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..7 Work Cited†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦8 Abstract Problem 　　Deterrence of a crime is based on choiceRead MoreCapital Punishment : Death Penalty1548 Words   |  7 Pageshas been established as punishment for crime, since the Chinese Ancient Laws. In the 18th Century BC, King Hammurabi of Babylon was sentenced to the death penalty for twenty-five different crimes. In the 14th Century BC, the Hittite tribe also demonstrated an act of execution; which we now call the death penalty or capital punishment. In Britain, hanging from the gallows was a method of punishment. Many years ago the death penalty was a punishment for crimes such as a runaway slave, perjury, helpingRead MoreIndividual Fines Should Not Be Imposed1158 Words   |  5 Pagesperhaps through a cap imposed on their annual benefits so there is some form of individual accountability. This however is likely to have the most insignificant deterrent effect out of all forms of individual sanctions. When individual fines are imposed there is always a possibility of inde mnification, ultimately taking away from the deterrent effect. A company may compensate the individual in advance of the breach once they have weighted the risk against the cost, or alternatively they may indemnify

Production Process - Coca-Cola Company Free Sample

Question: Discuss about theProduction Process in the Coca-Cola Company. Answer: Introduction The Coca Cola Corporation was initiated in the year 1892. The company has headquarters in Atlanta, Georgia. Coca-Cola is among the multinational corporations that manufacture, retails, distributes and markets the non-alcoholic products and syrup. The company is well recognized worldwide for its flagship product called coca cola which was first concocted by a pharmacist named John Stith Pemberton in the same state, Georgia at a place called Columbus. Asa Gigs Candler brought the formula for making the product band the brand in the early years of 1890 (Armus, 2005). Candler is the person who incorporated the company, Coca Cola in 1892. Since then the company has undergone great stages of ownership and development cycles. The Company over the years has come to be among the top beverage producers not only in America but all over the world, hence the name multinational corporation. The Coca-Cola Company consists of major processes that are significant in the continuation of the company an d the competition in the market. The processes in the company are production process, marketing process, recruitment process and the training process. The manufacturing process is the most crucial part of the enterprise in which the product is manufactured. The Coca Cola Company produces syrup distillate that is sold to bottlers in all over the sphere that holds exclusive territories. This report is therefore aimed at comprehensively discussing and exploring the production process by utilizing thoughts and tools of process design and analysis to examine the process. Also, the report will recommend on how the process can be improved. A Brief History of the Coca-Cola Company It is not a surprise to learn that Coca-Cola is probably the most renowned product in the world and a most popular drink. The product has procreated a wide range of stories that range from myths to misconceptions and stories trying to explain the origin of the company and the product which took over the beverage market like a whirlwind. The better part of the tales is baseless, for instance, the story that Coca-Cola dissolves teeth, which it has a contraceptive power and the assertion of the last quarter of the 20th century which held that new Coke fiasco was a Machiavellian stratagem (Pendergrast, 2000). New Coke fiasco was believed to be a gambit to turn away the consideration from a change from the original formula. The invention of the Coca-Cola was by an Atlanta, pharmacist in Georgia in the year 1886. In reality of how the product came to be invented, Pemberton was in his daily duties and services as a pharmacy and one day he was trying to formulate a headache remedy in which he had mixed distinct syrup with fizzing water. After a few clients had tasted it, he appreciated that he had discovered a widely held drink. The name, Coca-Cola was invented by an auditor of pharmacist Pemberton called Frank Robinson who later came to write the new name in an expressive script which came to be the Coca-Cola signature logo. Robinson came up with the title coca cola through derivation from the products that were used to produce the drink (Pendergrast, 2013). The ingredients were Cola, from cola nut and an extract as of coca leaf a basis of cocaine. The most corporate element in the 19th century was the cocaine patent medicines. The product had no effect of cocaine on its consumers as the amount was minusc ule. By the year 1890, more and more consumers asked the company to reduce the amount of cocaine in the product. Their plea was heard, and in the year 1891, the company was acquired by an Atlanta businessman by the name Asa Candler who reduced the amount of cocaine in the product. By the year 1929, coca cola was cocaine free. Before the WW1, the name coke had become so popular that the product was used to be referred to as the coke and not coca cola (Collier, 2014). The generic term was a term used to refer to any drink, and as a result, most of the coke coca cola competitors used the name. The case was taken to court and was ruled out that the tag Coke was a trademark of Coca-Cola Enterprise. In the economic cycles and the quality of the products as well as the products competitiveness, Coca-Cola has been the utmost dependable trading stocks which have shown stable return in all of its decades of existence. Production Process Background Information on the Production Process. Soft beverages are enormously the most widespread beverages. Non-alcoholic beverages primarily consist of fizzing water, flavorings, and sugar (Foster, 2012). Approximately 200 countries in the world enjoy the sweet taste of soda with a yearly consumption of over 35 billion lots. Soft drinks rank as the Americas favorite beverage segment signifying 25 % of the total market of beverages. The products that are used in the production process are the primary determinants of the product and also, the manufacturing process itself. The scope and the quality of manufacturing process are the major determinant of the competitiveness of the product in the market. Nature/Scope of the Manufacturing Process and the Operations Management The coca cola firm is much dedicated to making sure that the whole supply chain that includes bottles, direct suppliers, cop-packers, are in compliance with the rules and regulations of reflection in the workplace rights policy (Anderson et al., 2016). They must also comply with the set principles such as the supplier guidelines. Compliance with the work hours set by the company and also the conformity of the overtime laws are among the fundamental components of the firm. Excessive overtime may also cause problems in the production process that the employee work life is interrupted. Reducing overtime in the manufacturing process significantly increases employee morale and decrease quality incidents. Production Ingredient Conveyance: the definitive bottled drink assisted in the way the customers and the producer intended, that was in a glass bottle. Every additive or the ingredient in the beverage is washed, measured, weighed, divided, and ready to be cooked right outside the box (Andini Simatupang, 2014). Washing and rinsing. All the equipment in the process that includes the machines, conveyor belts and all those the parts that the drink will touch are washed thoroughly and cleaned or dried by use of clean instruments. Use of recommended reagents does cleaning. Mixing and blending. The mixing and blending of the drink take place the moment the sugar is mixed with water, that is, refined sugar is used. A formula that is unique only to the coca cola manufacturer is then mixed with the mixture. Carbon (II) oxide is included to the soft drink so as to have that fizz (Ramrez et al., 2014). The bottles are pressurized before they are filled with the glass. Each and every bottle is capped to ensure that the product or the alcohol doesn't lose that taste. The bottles are then ready to be labeled at which the bottles are put on large rollers that are part of the machines that puts a logo on the bottles. Filling. The finished product is transferred to the bottles which are at a high flow rates. The bottles are completely sealed with twists or the steel crowns. The soft drinks are cooled during the manufacturing process and as such the product has to be brought to room temperature before they are labeled to avert condensation from ruining the labels. The vessels are sprayed with warm water to dry those waters (Batra et al., 2014). The labels are then fixed on the bottles to provide material about the brand, shelf life, ingredients, and the safe use of the product. The labels are put on the bottles in plastic form or others are permanently fixed on the cylinder. The bottles are now ready to be transported and packed. They are packed in trays and cartons which are then shipped to the distributors. Labelling. Coca cola Canada altered the coca cola classic tagging by eliminating the coca cola classic designation leaving the name only coca cola (Wells, 2016). The company, however, noted that the name change would have no effect on the product. In the United States, the cans still contain the original labeling of the product. Coding: each of the bottles of coca cola beverage is coded with a unique code that gives an exclusive information about the coca cola product. The codes identify the time, date, batch no., and the MRP (Foster, 2014). Inspection is also another crucial step in which the product is inspected on the amount of ingredients used if the ratio was well used. The clean water is supposed to be utilized for the health of the consumers. Packaging: once the filled beverages have approved the review stage, they are set to be packed, in which the beverage packing depends on the place where the beverage is going to be delivered. Warehousing and delivery. In order to have certainty that the customer gets the best drink as intended or the way it left the factory, each warehouse has obligation to efficiently manage thousands of beverage brands produced. The stores are inspected and kept clean and improvised (Pulizzi, 2013). The following chat shows the production process flow. Diagram source: https://www.google.com/url?sa=irct=jq=esrc=ssource=imagescd=cad=rjauact=8ved=0ahUKEwjFwdOrg8zPAhWKNo8KHQY_CUYQjRwIBwurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.maturski.org%2FEN-Management%2FEconomic-drivers-of-supply.htmlpsig=AFQjCNHu3naFTiK7wv2ZyeQ1uANIBDchRAust=1476044093019457 Evaluation of the Current Performance of the Production Process The Cost The Coca Cola Company is striving to lower the production cost by adopting the new technology in its production systems. The company has therefore reduced the cost of hiring more employees working manually in the organization which increased the recurrent expenditures in meeting their needs in the working environment (Pulizzi, 2013). The new technology in this case reduces the cost by enhancing the level of performance in various production lines which includes the reduction of wastages and efficiency in performance. In addition the company has reduced the cost of operation by establishing more production branches in various places worldwide. The cost of production is reduced since the distance where the company products are transported is shortened. Moreover, the facilities get closer to the raw materials for the manufacture of the company products hence the company can save on cost The Quality Performance of the Coca Cola Company in terms of quality is high. The company has invested heavily on research and development of their products that has given them an outstanding recognition among the industry players such as Pepsi Company limited. The production process is well regulated to ensure standard production of the beverages that are good for human consumptions. The company employs skilled labor that helps in the improved performance (Shemwell, 2016). Nevertheless, the company has also invested in several research and development programs that help them improve in the performance in terms of efficiency and effectiveness. The results of these studies have helped in enhancing the quality of the products which is at the part. Dependability Dependability is one of the aspects that help the companies to have cutting edge over the competitors on the market. For instance the Coca Cola Company has its own mission and vision that determines the daily operations of the company. Also, the organization structure determines how the information flows from the decision making team to the operatives. In this ace, the company structure favors high performance since they do not have to rely on the market dynamics to switch the product of the company or the operation activity (Chalikias Skordoulis, 2016). Copying the way of operation of another company will lead to the business failure since the problems that are faced by another company is not the same problem that is felt by the company hence the needs for the independent decision making. Speed Speed is one the performance components that would determine the effectiveness of the structure put in pace. Where the speed is low then the infrastructure or the resources used do not yield the outcome product within the shortest time. Low speed affects the cost of the company since the company will have to pay for the high working hours with the low level of production but if the speed is satisfactory, the company will make more profits (Jones Sufrin, 2014). Therefore for the case of Coca Cola Company, it has paced the necessary infrastructure in its production system that helps in increasing the production cost. In this case, most of the operations that are undertaken in the company are automated hence less time is required to yield a product as compared to when there system was not automated. Flexibility Coca Cola Company has diverse workforce coming from different cultures and have varied skills that has helped the company to become more flexible in terms of the market development. The wealth of the human resource with varied skills help the company to adapt to any development that is taking place in the market especially product differentiation and adoption of the new technology. Without this diversity, the company would not have been in position to make any response to counter competitions form the competitors such as Pepsi. In addition, the diversified workforce ensures that the company develops those products that meet the needs of many clients in various market segments (Banterle, 2014). The consumers in this case will be motivated to be loyal to the company products since they feel they are part of the company culture. I addition the company will develop quality products that attracts the attentions of the customers hence will be hard for the company product to be substituted by the other competitor products. Performance Objectives that needs to be Improved by Coca Cola Company Coca Cola Company is doing well in major performance objectives which have paced them at the forefront of the industry. However, there are some areas that the company needs to improve in order to make it more appealing to all the company stakeholders. In terms of cost, company needs to carry out extensive market research to develop the products with the lowest cost possible (Adendorff, 2016). This can entail the cheap packaging materials whether the company should, produce their own or contract an outside supplier for the service. The distribution channels need also to be improved to reduce on the cost. For instance they can use pipelines to distribute the beverages to various facilities rather than establishing the industries in various places. This is, cheaper and the company will be able to save on the costs that could have been incurred in coming up with the new facility. The use of the bottled containers should also be minimized by the company as it is costly and increased the risk of the products in the transit (Dawar, 2013). Therefore the company needs to employ the use of the tinned or the plastic containers that cannot be destroyed easily. The company can also improve on the distribution of the fridges in various outlets hence ensuring customers satisfaction since they will get the product at their desired states. References Adendorff, C. M. (2016). South Africa: Empowering Women Entrepreneurs in the Fight against Poverty: The Case of the Coca-Cola Company.Entrepreneurship and Sustainability: Business Solutions for Poverty Alleviation from Around the World, 97. Anderson, D. R., Sweeney, D. J., Williams, T. A., Camm, J. D., Cochran, J. J. (2016).Statistics for business economics. Nelson Education. Andini, R. A., Simatupang, T. M. (2014). A process simulation of inventory planning and control for Minute Maid Pulpy at Coca-Cola.International Journal of Logistics Systems and Management,17(1), 66-82. Armus, S. (2005). Coca-Cola Company.France and the Americas: Culture, Politics, and History: a Multidisciplinary Encyclopedia,1, 273. Banterle, A., Cavaliere, A., Carraresi, L., Stranieri, S. (2014). Food SMEs face increasing competition in the EU market: Marketing management capability is a tool for becoming a price maker.Agribusiness,30(2), 113-131. Batra, R., Ramaswamy, V., Alden, D. L., Steenkamp, J. B. E., Ramachander, S. (2014). Effects of brand local and non-local origin on consumer attitudes in developing countries.Journal of consumer psychology,9, 83-95. Chalikias, M., Skordoulis, M. (2016). Implementation of FW Lanchesters combat model in a supply chain in duopoly: the case of Coca-Cola and Pepsi in Greece.Operational Research, 1-9. Collier, K. (2014). A Case Study on Corporate Peace: The Coca-Cola Company: Coke Studio Pakistan.Business, Peace, and Sustainable Development,2, 75-94. Dawar, N. (2013). When marketing is strategy.Harvard business review,91(12), 100-108. Elmore, B. J. (2014).Citizen Coke: The Making of Coca-Cola Capitalism. WW Norton Company. Foster, R. J. (2012).Coca?Globalization. John Wiley Sons, Ltd. Foster, R. J. (2014). Corporations as Partners:Connected Capitalism and The Coca?Cola Company.PoLAR: Political and Legal Anthropology Review,37(2), 246-258. https://www.google.com/url?sa=irct=jq=esrc=ssource=imagescd=cad=rjauact=8ved=0ahUKEwjFwdOrg8zPAhWKNo8KHQY_CUYQjRwIBwurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.maturski.org%2FEN-Management%2FEconomic-drivers-of-supply.htmlpsig=AFQjCNHu3naFTiK7wv2ZyeQ1uANIBDchRAust=1476044093019457 Jones, A., Sufrin, B. (2014).EU competition law: text, cases, and materials. Oxford University Press (UK). Pendergrast, M. (2000).For God, country and Coca-Cola: the definitive history of the great American soft drink and the company that makes it. Basic Books (AZ). Pendergrast, M. (2013).For God, country, and Coca-Cola: The definitive history of the great American soft drink and the company that makes it. Basic Books. Pulizzi, J. (2013).Epic content marketing: how to tell a different story, break through the clutter, and win more customers by marketing less. McGraw Hill Professional. Ramrez, M. M. G., Rincon, J. C. V., Parada, J. F. L. (2014, February). Liquid level control of Coca-Cola bottles using an automated system. InElectronics, Communications and Computers (CONIELECOMP), 2014 International Conference on(pp. 148-154). IEEE. Shemwell, D. (2016). False Advertising and Labeling Suits Two Years After the Landmark Supreme Court Decision in Pom Wonderful Versus Coca Cola: Implications for the Marketing Professoriate. Watters, P. (1978).Coca-cola: an illustrated history. Doubleday Books. Wells, C. W. (2016). Citizen Coke: The Making of Coca-Cola Capitalism. By Bartow J. Elmore. New York: WW Norton Company, 2015. 416 pp. Photographs, illustrations, figures, bibliography, notes, index. Cloth, $27.95. ISBN: 978-0-393-24112-9.Business History Review,90(01), 134-136.

Comparative Business Ethics Of British Petroleum †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Comparative Business Ethics Of British Petroleum. Answer: Introduction British Petroleum (BP) operates as a multinational organisation operating in the oil and gas industry and is headquartered in London. The company runs based on the collaborated efforts of around 75,000 people that help in meeting the diversified energy needs of customers both along the domestic and corporate front. Some key facts about BP are generated as follows. (British Petroluem , 2017) The report ideally aims in understanding the historical emergence of ethical misconducts pertaining to BP. It also focuses on understanding and evaluating the sustainability practices and code of conduct of the organisation in the face of potential environmental issues. History of BP and Questionable Conducts British Petroleum is observed to bear a historical linkage with questionable conducts. The company has a long history of being associated with different types of hazards both environmental and also associated with that of failing to meet the rights and needs of workers. Similarly, the oil and gas company also face potential litigation issues concerning the generation of considerable amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. History reflects that from 2005, British Petroleum is the centre of ethical controversies owing not only to the existence of different types of non-ethical conducts like fraud, generation environmental and social degradation and also in affecting the natural and wildlife habitats. The explosion of a refinery run by BP in Texas during 2005 killing around 15 individuals and injuring around 170 people was termed guilty by the regulatory authority of the Southern District in Texas for not complying with the Clean Air Act. Themanagement of BP admitted in a press me et that the company had rightly not complied with different regulatory mechanisms concerning mechanical integrity and also generation of a safe start-up. BP thus faced prosecution charges under the Clean Air Act that led to the closure of the Texas Unit(Ferrell Hartline, 2013). In another case during the subsequent year during 2006, British Petroleum owing to its failure to rightly respond to red flags that led to the leaking of the oil pipelines in Alaska leading to the leaking of crude oil in the tundra region and the frozen lakes. The same required the organisation to render millions of amount of fines to the different regulatory authorities operating in the region. The leaking of the pipelines that led the company to pay large amount of fines could have been easily avoided with a strong focus of the companysmanagement to routinely check and clean the pipes. Again, the oil and gas company came into limelight owing to itsmanagement being involved in an act of fraud concerning both mail and wire fraud and also because of actively conspiring to violate the Commodity Exchange Act. British Petroleum being guilty of such charges was again required to pay millions of dollars in terms of fines to the regulatory authorities based in United States. The above facts potentially indicate that BP has had a long history of not taking proper care and attention of the needs and expectations of both the internal and external stakeholders(Ferrell et al., 2011). BP in turn focused on Greenwashing its image through the generation of considerable amount of investment regarding the development of renewable energy resources and also in enhancing the level of sustainability through reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. Similarly, generation of effective stories to create a new reality than that reflected in terms of evidences were also carried out by the organisation to project its environmental and stakeholder friendly image before the public(Ferrell Hartline, 2013). Evaluation of BPs Efforts regarding Sustainability British Petroleum (BP) took its first step towards sustainability during 2005 with its initiative of going green. Initially the sustainability initiative was undertaken by the company in terms of generating a small investment of around $1.4 billion. It was however evaluated that over the years the sustainability initiative of the company would gain needed importance. Wind Energy BP had installed around 500 Mega Watts of wind energy systems where around 432MW is found to be operational. The Wind Energy came into operations from 2008 with collaboration of BP with other wind farms like the Cedar Creek based in Colorado. The wind capacity installed by BP is evaluated to meet the energy supply of around 6 million residences. Solar Energy BP focused on entering into agreements with large number of solar panel producing companies based along different Asian economies. In United States, BP generates only around 4MW of solar energy that helps in the running of Wal-Mart stores situated in California. A larger part of the solar business carried out by BP is associated with the European countries like development of two large solar power plants based in Spain that helps in meeting the energy needs of million residences. Solar Cities are also being planned by BP that helps in providing energy to around seven Australian cities. In terms of reducing emissions of greenhouse gases, BP has developed a pump system run on solar energy situated at Moxa Gas Field based in Wyoming. The running of the pumps reduces the chances of the employees and the local communities from getting affected by emissions of greenhouse gases(Ferrell Hartline, 2013). Biofuels BP identifies Biofuels as a significant part of its renewable energy portfolio and thereby aims for its continual development and growth for around two full decades. BP in its bid to develop on its biofuel projects became one of the largest stakeholders in a bioethanol company based in Brazil, Tropical Energy S.A. The Brazilian company contributes in the development of bioethanol products from sugarcane and thereby generates around 115 million gallons of bioethanol. Further, BP is also focusing on the development of a Special Purpose Entity (SPE) in terms of teaming with a cellulosic ethanol company, Verenium Corporation(Ferrell Hartline, 2013). Carbon Sequestration and Storage (CCS) Regarding CCS, BP has focused on the development of the Salah Gas Field based in Algeria that contributed in capturing and storing around 1 million tonnes of carbon dioxide gas from the atmosphere. BO further aims in meeting its CCS objectives at Hydrogen Energy for developing low carbon emitting power plants in regions like Abu Dhabi and California. BP had also developed the BP Zhuhai Plant (BPZ) Plant that contributes in not only reducing Carbon Dioxide emissions but also in limiting the employment of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG). From 2005, BPZ had contributed in reducing the carbon dioxide emission levels by around 35 percent and reduction of LPG use by around 48 percent(Ferrell Hartline, 2013). Recommendations to BP Despite the above sustainability activities undertaken by British Petroleum the oil and gas company has lot to learn from the grave misconduct during 2010 leading to the explosion of the oil well operating undersea and situated in the Mexican Gulf. The explosion led to the killing of 11 crew members while rendering considerable damage on aquatic life and also to other coast centred communities(Bredeson, 2012). The large scale spreading of oil on the ocean floor caused the deaths of large number of birds, fishes, dolphins, turtles and shrimps. Themanagement of BP generated a large scale compensation fund of around $20 billion for countering the mishap but the same failed to meet the sustainability requirements. The explosion of the oil well caused the spilling of crude oil of over 134 million gallons that affected the marine and wild life in the region(Freudenburg Gramling, 2011). In the light of the above issue, BP is required to develop on its regulatory standards concerning that with protecting the regional environments from such emerging catastrophes. The management of BP is required to enhance on its transparency parameters for generating greater accountability towards its different stakeholders(Mauk Metz, 2015). Similarly, contingency planning systems are required to be developed by BP for both the Coast Guard of United States and also the management of BP. British Petroleum is required to also develop on its spill response initiatives(Kramer Pittinsky, 2012). BP is also required to develop on its technology parameters regarding oil drilling and also work for the generation of effective job training for the rig operators. The same would contribute in development of a safer work environment for BP staffs operating in such offshore projects(Barnett, 2016). BP as a potential client of Transocean situated in the Gulf of Mexico was required to effectively o versee for generating precautions in preventing the emergence of disaster. It was later observed that the disaster plan of BP contained a number of fallacies and was inadequate for handling such contingencies. Thus, BP is required to continually monitor and develop on its contingency and disaster framework to rightly handle such disastrous events like the Deepwater Horizon Spill(Ferrell Hartline, 2013). Potency of BP Code of Conduct and Ethics Initiatives British Petroleum is observed to have suffered from a long period regarding the issue of ethical misconducts. The Ethics and Compliance Team in BP during 2005 potentially worked in creating, publishing and also distributing the code of conduct for the company. The Code of Conduct for BP is both available virtually and physically and can be effectively accessed by the employees and staffs operating in the oil and gas organisation. British Petroleum being a multinational firm has framed the Code of Conduct such that the same helps in uniting individuals emerging from diverse backgrounds and ethnicities under universal standards formulated by the organisation. The Code of Conduct was developed by the Ethical and Compliance team as a one stop platform for helping in guiding the behavioural conducts of employees. The code focused on addressing different issues ranging from health and safety to financial integrity parameters and was observed as one of the potential mass communication exerc ise undertaken by the organisation(Lustgarten, 2012). The Code of Conduct in British Petroleum is evaluated to be inadequate in nature for reducing the chances of incidence of disastrous issues like the environmental disaster that happened during 2010 in the Gulf Coast. Further, the ethical codes of conduct for the company to be effective in nature are firstly required to be comprehensive and integrated in nature and also to be required to reflect the compliance of the upper management on parameters associated to values, policies and also rules and regulations of the state and region. Similarly, the viability and of the code of conduct in assessing and monitoring the conducting of operations along risky areas is required to be carried out through the development and integration of a legal team. Regarding BP, the code of conduct for the company however failed to significantly highlight the areas concerning increased risk along the day-to-day operations of the company(Elkington et al., 2017). Similarly, the code of conduct for BP also suffered for being not designed in an effective fashion to resolve the emergence of ethical and legal issues concerning the conducting of the daily operations of the firm. The Code of Conduct was also required to be developed for helping both the managers and the staffs in British Petroleum to ideally deal with the emergence of ethical issues. However, regarding BP no such evidence is gained where the code of conduct was ideally communicated to the staffs and managers pertaining to different departments for limiting the conducting of activities that would help in rightly reducing the incidence of ethical issues. Again, the code of conduct generated at British Petroleum fails to encourage the growth of whistleblowing practices in the organisation and neither generates adequate measures for protecting the actions of the whistleblowers in identifying the emergence of ethical misconducts within the organisation(Chandler, 2014). The Deepwater Horizon Crisis associated to British Petroleum further reflects the failure of the code of conduct of BP to make it ready for responding effectively to the crisis and also in acting in a sensitive fashion in addressing the needs of stakeholders. It also reflected the lack of transparency associated with both the internal and external communication practices of the organisation(Elkington et al., 2017). The Code of Conduct at British Petroleum was investigated to have failed in reducing the incidence of decline of morality and ethics pertaining to the day-to-day operations of the firm. A large number of complaints were observed to have been filed under the code of conduct parameters of the organisation. The Code of Conduct is required to be effectively revised for enhancing the parameters associated to safety in the workplace, reduction of bribery and corruptive activities at the workplace and also for enhancing financial and moral integrity(Brown et al., 2014). Decline in the level of moral standards at BPs workplace was also observed owing to the growth in the number of employee complaints associated to the Open Talk program. The increase in the number of employee complaints along the Open Talk platform rightly indicated the failure in generating and maintaining effective risk control initiatives. It was also observed that the code of conduct in BP was also not rightly followed in that the rates of dismissals for violations of the code of conduct policies in the organisation were declining. The employees were also observed to fail to respond in an effective fashion to the survey conducted regarding employee engagement to the code of conduct rules of the organisation(Kossovsky et al., 2013). The Code of Conduct in BP commits in generating protection to the environment and also promoting workplace safety and enhancement of health standards of the employees while also in generating a zero tolerance policy for emergence of any accidents at the workplace and also at overseas research and drilling centres. The management of British Petroleum is however criticized for creating stories such that the same helps in attaining public legitimisation of the activities and incidents at workplace. Stories concerning the operations in BP are identified to be increasingly associated with Greenwashing the image of the organisation in the eyes of the public(Appleton, 2013). Large numbers of storytellers are employed that contribute in the generation of different antenarratives that contribute in generating an interpretive reality of the different incidents happening at the workplace of BP. This practice is observed relating to the generation of counter story telling in case of the oil spil l disaster along the North Slope of Alaska. Each of the different counter stories rendered by the BP staffs tends to conceal the reality of the event concerning the scandal associated with the inspection of pipeline and also the delaying activities of the organisation. It thus helps in concealing the failure of BPs efforts in protecting the natural environment as stated in the code of conducts(Appleton, 2013). Conclusions The analysis carried out in the report potentially reflects that despite the existence of a number of sustainability initiatives conducted and maintained by British Petroleum, the oil and gas company however accounted for a large scale disaster along the Gulf Coast of Mexico. The disaster was caused primarily owing to the absence of effective monitoring and reporting mechanisms in place and also the failure of British Petroleum in potentially responding to the crisis. Further, absence of effective communication carried out by the company with both its internal and external stakeholders were found to be lacking that in turn accounted for loss of lives and also affecting marine and wild life on a wider scale. The Deepwater Horizon Crisis of British Petroleum also reflected its leniency in aptly complying with the regulatory standards both associated to the industry and also along the different regions. The analysis also reflected that the codes of conduct designed by British Petroleum were not rightly followed by the management and the staff communities in the organisation. The same accounted for the emergence of such large scale destruction affecting both life and property. Existence of proper whistleblowing policies were observed along with the practice of the company in not removing staffs that were found guilty in not following the codes of conduct. The same reflects the need for the codes of the conduct to be aptly revised such that they meet the needs of the industry. References Appleton, J., 2013. Values in Sustainable Development. New York : Routledge. Barnett, S., 2016. Rhetorical Realism: Rhetoric, Ethics, and the Ontology of Things. New York : Routlledge. Bredeson, D., 2012. Applied Business Ethics: A Skills-Based Approach. United States : Cengage Learning. British Petroluem , 2017. About Us. [Online] Available at: https://www.bp.com/en/global/corporate/about-bp/bp-at-a-glance.html [Accessed 11 September 2017]. Brown, A.J., Lewis, D., Moberly, R. Vandekerckhove, W., 2014. International Handbook on Whistleblowing Research. United Kingdom : Edward Elgar Publishing. Chandler, R.C., 2014. Business and Corporate Integrity: Sustaining Organizational Compliance, Ethics, and Trust [2 volumes]: Sustaining Organizational Compliance, Ethics, and Trust. United Kingdom : ABC CLIO. Elkington, R., Steege, M.v.d.G.-S.J. Breen, J.M., 2017. Visionary Leadership in a Turbulent World: Thriving in the New VUCA Context. United Kingdom: Emerald Group Publishing. Ferrell, O.C., Fraedrich, J. Ferrell, L., 2011. Business Ethics. 8th ed. United States: South-Western Cengage Learning. Ferrell, O.C. Hartline, M., 2013. Marketing Strategy, Text and Cases. United States : Cengage Learning. Freudenburg, W.R. Gramling, R., 2011. Blowout in the Gulf: The BP Oil Spill Disaster and the Future of Energy in America. United States : MIT Press. Kossovsky, N., Greenberg, M.D. Brandegee, R.C., 2013. Reputation, Stock Price, and You: Why the Market Rewards Some Companies and Punishes Others. United States : Apress. Kramer, R.M. Pittinsky, T.L., 2012. Restoring Trust in Organizations and Leaders: Enduring Challenges and Emerging Answers. United Kingdom: OUP, Oxford. Lustgarten, A., 2012. Run to Failure: BP and the Making of the Deepwater Horizon Disaster. United States : W. W. Norton Company. Mauk, J. Metz, J., 2015. Inventing Arguments. United States : Cengage Learning.

Capitalism Essays (935 words) - Economic Ideologies,

Capitalism The free market economy is a system devised to resolve the basic economic problem (resources having to be allocated to many competing users that have infinite wants) through the market mechanism. The centrally planned economy is an economic system where government go through detailed planning procedures to allocate resources in society. The Free Market Economy: The government provides public goods and services, but in order to pay for these the government need to raise some funds this is done through taxation. The government is also responsible for the issuing of money, it's value and keeping stable prices. The government are also responsible for ?free goods' (a good or service available in quantities larger than desired for zero price) if this is not regulated the free goods may be misused or abused. In a free market economy the government also has the right to eliminate any monopolies, so a fair competitive market can be maintained. The government can also control the activities of trade unions, this is because particular firms or trade unions may seek to gain control over individual markets. In the market economy the government should intervene as little as possible. Government regulation should be the minimum required to protect the orderly working of the market economy. The free market sees government spending confined to the spending of public goods. In a free market economy almost all factors of production (FOPs) are owned privately. The government have the responsibility to uphold the rights of the citizens to own a property; this is generally done through the legal system. Free enterprise exists in free market economies these are when the owner of FOPs and producers of goods and services have the right to buy and sell what the own or produce through market mechanisms. The government have little restrictions on what is brought and sold, and workers can work for whom the wish, no restrictions exist. Homeowners can sell their home as and when they wish and no one can say no as the choice is entirely theirs. Businessperson's and entrepreneurs can commence firms to their discretion. Consumers can purchase whatever they wish and no one can be told to buy one brand over another. Producers can produce whatever they want although it should be noted that they must produce a product that matches the consumers specification otherwise it will not sell. Competition between producers is permitted and it is this that leads to better quality products. In a wealthy free market economy, consumers are faced with many options and ?trade offs' (sacrificing on economic good for an other), firms compete with one an other on similar goods. The consumers with high income have more choice than others in the free market economic as they can afford the more high-end goods, such as luxury cars. Society is dealt with differently in each economy, in the free market economy price, disposable income (spending money) and utility determine whether a good or service is purchased. Centrally Planned Economy: This is quite different from the free market economy; actually it is almost the complete opposite. The centrally planned economy has resources allocated by the government through a planning process. In this economy, consumers are issued with a limited amount of money, which they can spend on a limited assortment of goods or services. At some stage a centrally planned economy's government could freeze prices so that goods and services are available to the consumers even though their budgets are restricted. However, this is likely to lead to everyone purchasing that product that has been priced low, and therefore demand would rise, which in turn would cause supply to fall. There are 3 types of actors in the planned economy, the planners (usually the government), consumers and workers. These actors are all working together in cooperation for the common good, not for self-righteousness. In the command economy all FOPs are owned by the state with the exception of labour (however labour services can be re-directed to the state). Also the command economy contains no private property. As resources are given to the consumer, sometimes this can lead to the state directing labour into jobs as well as telling consumers what to consume, however it is more likely that the government will go to the producers and tell them what to produce, this in turn determines the product available to the consumer. In the command economy there is little or often no competition and this causes substandard build quality of products, as consumer have to put up with what they are given. In a command

As You Like It by William Shakespeare Essays

As You Like It by William Shakespeare Essays As You Like It by William Shakespeare Essay As You Like It by William Shakespeare Essay Essay Topic: As You Like it A. The Forest of Arden at first glance, is a country life of arcadian contentment, rustic tranquility, a golden world in all its glory. A place to while away the hours like, the old Robin Hood of England. And so is portrayed and backed up with the seemingly content Duke Senior and his merry men. Duke Senior praises the effects of Arden on him stating its different virtues in the forms of a healer, a nurturer and a counselor. Its effects on the people who come from the court are drastic if not almost instantaneous and bring out some unique aspect of their personality which is not yet known. For Oliver and Duke Frederick, there is an almost impossible change for the better as Duke Frederick is converted both from enterprise and from the world. Furthermore the previously non-existent bond of brotherly love is created between Orlando and Oliver which in turn leads to Olivers conversion. In Rosalinds case, the Forest provides a source of unimaginable freedom to express herself without the barriers of court conventions (though this may be the result of the disguise alone). It is the place where she can love Orlando without the strict rules and regulations that governed her previous residence. Likewise Orlando is provided an escape from his brother oppression where he can leisurely convey his love for Rosalind. On the contrary, the Forest can divert from the pastoral convention as you peer into its harsh realities and its ill-effects on its limited population. Duke seniors opening speech was in reality an attempt to hearten his co-mates and brothers-in-exile. Although thinly veiled with heartening comments about the seasons icy fang as a counselor and the churlish chidings of the winters wind as a sweet use of adversity, it still remains that it is an icy fang and the winds do bite and blow upon his body. Although, the Forest of Arden does display salutary qualities when it comes to the characters outlooks and personalities, it is still a source of discomfort and physical pain, a barren desert. Another characteristic that is associated with Arden is its sense of camaraderie and of an egalitarian society. Where Duke Seniors court becomes a circle of brothers, where Oliver and Orlando become brothers once more, where Duke Frederick learns humility. But this is not completely so as we see an example of a cruelty and neglect in Corins master. Moreover Celia, a lively character in the opening act of the play progressively loses her energy as she loses her friend (Rosalind) to forest follies. The forest also comes across as primitive. This is proven by the venison of the forest. The poor dappled fools are subject to cruelty of the most primitive kind in their own dwellings. In conclusion, the Forest of Arden is in fact an ideal place for recuperation and introspection in the sense that many of the characters achieved transformations of sorts. However it is seen (with a few exceptions), that the characters of the play are unwilling to stay in the forest when presented with the alternative of the court. Therefore, the forest may be ideal, but is a short-lived idealness.

Overseas Trade, Slavery, War, And Taxation in the 18th Century Britain Essay

Overseas Trade, Slavery, War, And Taxation in the 18th Century Britain - Essay Example The availability of revenue allowed for Britain to maintain naval dockyards and barracks, pay wages, and supply food and munitions, through Effective action by armies and fleets. The interconnectedness of overseas trade, slavery, war, and taxation shall be addressed by this paper. It is important to note however, that British colonialism had an influential role in the linkage among the four factors. Alongside a renewed pressure with the unprecedented demands of war with revolutionary and Napoleonic France between 1793 and 1815 was the fiscal-military state of eighteenth-century Britain, in which taxation reached 20 percent of the national income of England.3 Taxes were normally between 8 and 10 percent throughout the 18th century. Along with the growing influence of Britain was a desire to protect strategic goods, encourage colonial trade or preserve domestic employment from foreign competition, which became issues of national, security and imperial preference. It was likewise import ant for Britain to establish its political life and to provide links between civil society and the state, which became the subject of the complex process of brokerage with trade interests.4 However, success in Britain's point of view did not only mean the availability of an increased flow of revenue but warfare as well, whereby large amounts were spent in a short period of time which far exceeded income. It may be inferred that Britain's goal to pursue warfare specifically with its long-term rival France and the corresponding pursuit to sustain taxation were towards the attainment of a more heightened objective, which was colonialism. Such trail towards colonialism is seen in Britain's concentration on taxing policies witnessed in the fiscal system becoming more dependent on excise duties, with tariffs and stamp of wealth declining an importance.6 Land tax was considered the most important direct tax in this period, which was seen to rise in line with rents, profits, and salaries.7 The restoration of the land tax to the real level of the 1690s was seen to solve all fiscal problems as argued by a radical pressure group in 1860, the Financial Reform Association. A range of assessed taxes supplemented the land, aiming to tap the income of the rich by taxing signs of conspicuous wealth and display such as male servants, carriages, and pleasure horses. However, an increasing reliance on indirect taxes ensued when land and assessed taxes declined and these indirect taxes took the form of excise duties on a limited range of goods as well as duties on exports and imports. 8 At the time Britain relied on indirect taxes, there was an expansion of a more effective 'handle' on the economy for trade. Likewise, a means of extracting revenue from expanding sectors of the economy was offered through imports of raw materials such as cotton. This scenario shows the interconnectivity between trade and taxation, complementing one with the other in sustaining a mercantile economy. Warfare contributed to the rising power of Britain towards acquiring more territories for its expansion and objectives of colonialism.